The economic challenges facing the next prime minister

Image source, Getty Images By Dharshini David Deputy economics editor Published 55 minutes ago We've had six prime ministers in a decade and it looks increasingly likely that Andy Burnham will be the seventh. But whoever is in charge, they face the same challenges. That's because what has underpinned political instability over recent years has been, to a great extent, the economy. Lack of job opportunities, lack of improvement in living standards, and pressured public services – the public expects change and its patience has been wearing thin. So here are the issues the next prime minister will have to tackle. Fiscal rules Burnham has pledged to revive the economy but also stick to the current government's own rules on borrowing and spending. That means only borrowing to invest, not to fund day to day spending, and in a few years' time reducing debt as proportion of the whole economy. Before the US-Israel war with Iran started, Chancellor Rachel Reeves reckoned she could meet her financial rules with £24bn to spare. But much of that could have been eroded because of the conflict. Burnham's pledge to stick to the current government's rules shows he is wary of upsetting the bond markets, the government's lenders, at a time when just the interest repayments on our national debt account for one in every £10 the government spends. Even the plans Burnham has hinted at so far could easily exceed the available wiggle room. His ambitions may be thwarted and some ideas may not survive contact with financial reality. He could tweak those rules. For example, bond markets could be sympathetic towards borrowing to fund more investment if they were convinced that would pay off in the terms of higher growth. Or he could simply look to raise the money from elsewhere to fund priorities, including through taxes – or cutting from other areas. Household income Growth, putting more money in pockets, will have to remain the government's number one priority. Between 1990 and 2007, the average person was better off by roughly 2.5% per year. Since then, living standards have improved at half that rate, meaning households are thousands of pounds worse off than they could've been otherwise. A lack of investment – public and private – in the years of austerity and then following Brexit has taken its toll on productivity and that has affected our prosperity. This was then made worse by the disruption of Covid and higher energy prices. Meanwhile, food prices have jumped by 40% in just a few years, which has clobbered people's finances. While we've been hit less by the war than once feared, there remain several challenges to ensuring economic growth is raised sustainably and permanently. More investment is likely to be needed, and more focus on skills. While his plans remain unclear, Andy Burnham has implied boosting both – as well as more state control of utilities to lower bills. Jobs Underpowered growth is one reason why hiring is at its lowest level for five yea