'Hotter and hotter and hotter' - Europe's new climate in seven charts

Image source, Tino Romano / EPA Image caption, Outdoor workers can be particularly vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat, such as that seen in the UK and Europe last month By Mark Poynting , Climate reporter , Becky Dale , Senior data journalist, BBC Verify , Erwan Rivault , Senior data designer  and  Jess Carr , Data designer Published 2 minutes ago We might only be a few days into July, but two record-breaking summer heatwaves have already provided the UK and Europe with a snapshot of their new climate. Hot on the heels of May's heat, June saw temperature records not only broken but smashed in what the UN's weather agency called an "extraordinary" event across the continent. And after a brief period of respite, another heatwave is on the way. If this feels unusual, that is because it is. But it is also exactly what scientists predicted in our warmer world, driven primarily by the burning of fossil fuels releasing heat-trapping greenhouse gases into our atmosphere. "Human-induced climate change has made events like this more likely and more intense," said Prof Stephen Belcher, chief scientist at the UK Met Office. The intensity of these heatwaves is evident from how far temperatures were above normal in May and June averaged across the UK, marked here in red. While the June heat was strongest in southern England and south Wales, few areas escaped the warmth. Temperatures peaked at 37.7C in Lingwood, Norfolk , according to provisional figures. It was one of several stations to surpass the UK's previous June high of 35.6C, set in 1957 and tied in 1976. "To see temperatures like this in the UK in June is sobering," said Belcher. Not every weather station has data as far back as the famous summer of 1976, but even some of the longest-running stations saw their previous records broken by 2C or more. "We normally expect the records broken by small amounts – tenths, maybe up to a degree or so," said Ed Hawkins, professor of climate science at the University of Reading. "So to have it shattered by such a large amount is noticeable and extraordinary, and of course this comes after a similar event in May ." June's heatwave may have felt particularly oppressive because it brought a double whammy of high temperatures and humidity. High humidity means it is harder for our bodies to cool down by sweating. It also stayed very warm even after the Sun had set, making it difficult to sleep. Our bodies rely on cooler nighttime temperatures to recover from the heat of the day. In Cardiff, temperatures did not drop below 23.5C on the night of Wednesday 24 June into Thursday – the warmest June night ever recorded around the UK. Most of England and Wales experienced at least one tropical night in June, where temperatures do not fall below 20C. Historically, these have been very rare in the UK. "We would definitely expect to see more and more tropical nights, as global temperatures keep rising," said Hawkins. The same "heat dome" that brought extraordin