Ward: Education

109

A non-negativity-preserving cut-cell discontinuous Galerkin method for the diffusive wave equation

arXiv:2512.16525v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: A non-negativity-preserving cut-cell discontinuous Galerkin method for the degenerate parabolic diffusive wave approximation of the shallow water equation is presented. The method can handle continuous and discontinuous bathymmetry as well as general …

210

Lyapunov-based Adaptive Transformer (LyAT) for Control of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems

arXiv:2512.15996v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: This paper presents a novel Lyapunov-based Adaptive Transformer (LyAT) controller for stochastic nonlinear systems. While transformers have shown promise in various control applications due to sequential modeling through self-attention mechanisms, the…

44

Pressing pause: A small genetic stop may have helped complex life evolve

Humans have it. So does Drosophila. But not yeast. That "it" is a small pause at the start of gene activity—a brief molecular halt that may have helped life evolve from simple cells to complex animals.

229

How ancient viral DNA shapes early embryonic development

A new study from the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS) in London, UK reveals how ancient viral DNA once written off as "junk" plays a crucial role in the earliest moments of life. The research, published in Science Advances, begins to untangle the role of an ancient viral DNA element called M…

345

How mountain building and climate change have shaped alpine biodiversity over 30 million years

In a study published in Science Advances on December 19, researchers from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, along with collaborators from international institutions, explored the impact of mountain building and climate cooling over 30 million years ac…

109

A Long-Standing Spintronics Mystery May Finally Be Solved

A long-standing explanation for magnetoresistance may be incomplete. New evidence suggests a universal interfacial mechanism is at play. A major advance in spintronics came with the discovery of unusual magnetoresistance (UMR). In this effect, the electrical resistance of a heavy metal changes when …

210

Scientific Machine Learning of Chaotic Systems Discovers Governing Equations for Neural Populations

arXiv:2507.03631v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Discovering governing equations that describe complex chaotic systems remains a fundamental challenge in physics and neuroscience. Here, we introduce the PEM-UDE method, which combines the prediction-error method with universal differential equati…

331

Tracking Wildfire Assets with Commodity RFID and Gaussian Process Modeling

arXiv:2512.15956v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: This paper presents a novel, cost-effective, and scalable approach to track numerous assets distributed in forested environments using commodity Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) targeting wildfire response applications. Commodity RFID systems suf…

110

Fine-Tuning Discrete Diffusion Models with Policy Gradient Methods

arXiv:2502.01384v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Discrete diffusion models have recently gained significant attention due to their ability to process complex discrete structures for language modeling. However, fine-tuning these models with policy gradient methods, as is commonly done in Re…

231

How Data Centers Redefined Energy and Power in 2025

Energy-efficient AI, battery storage systems, and renewed interest in nuclear have reshaped how data centers generate, consume, and manage energy.

111

Scientists Solve a Hidden Battery Cracking Mystery That Shortens Lifespan and Raises Fire Risk

A new study shows that promising single-crystal battery materials degrade for reasons scientists hadn’t fully recognized before. Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory and the UChicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (UChicago PME) have identified the source of a long-standing problem in…

218

OpenNER 1.0: Standardized Open-Access Named Entity Recognition Datasets in 50+ Languages

arXiv:2412.09587v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: We present OpenNER 1.0, a standardized collection of openly-available named entity recognition (NER) datasets. OpenNER contains 36 NER corpora that span 52 languages, human-annotated in varying named entity ontologies. We correct annotation format…

111

Hybrid deep-learning model eases brachytherapy planning

The BCTVNet neural network provides accurate and rapid target volume delineation for cervical cancer brachytherapy
The post Hybrid deep-learning model eases brachytherapy planning appeared first on Physics World.

222

Online Resource Allocation via Static Bundle Pricing

arXiv:2512.16570v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Online Resource Allocation addresses the problem of efficiently allocating limited resources to buyers with incomplete knowledge of future requests. In our setting, buyers arrive sequentially demanding a set of items, each with a value drawn from a kn…

321

A Task-Driven, Planner-in-the-Loop Computational Design Framework for Modular Manipulators

arXiv:2512.16069v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Modular manipulators composed of pre-manufactured and interchangeable modules offer high adaptability across diverse tasks. However, their deployment requires generating feasible motions while jointly optimizing morphology and mounted pose under kinem…

131

Pretrained Battery Transformer (PBT): A battery life prediction foundation model

arXiv:2512.16334v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Early prediction of battery cycle life is essential for accelerating battery research, manufacturing, and deployment. Although machine learning methods have shown encouraging results, progress is hindered by data scarcity and heterogeneity arising fro…

438

Electricity-driven nitrogen insertion enables sustainable heterocycle synthesis

Researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed an electrochemical reaction manifold that promotes efficient nitrogen atom insertion into saturated carbocycles to access either functionalized quinolines or N-alkylated saturated N heterocycles, both of which are privileged …

331

Exploring the connection between gene expression and aging

Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered how molecular "traffic controllers" in cells influence aging and cellular senescence—a state where cells stop dividing but remain metabolically active. The study, published in Molecular Cell, sheds light on the process of transcribing DNA into RNA, a …

428

CO₂-driven method rapidly creates complex nanomaterials at room temperature

A team of researchers at UNIST, in collaboration with the University of Cologne and Purdue University, has unveiled a rapid, sustainable method to create complex nanomaterials containing up to 30 different metals in just one minute at room temperature.